The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten.

Energy efficiency and waste heat recovery concepts applied to pyrometallurgical operationsĭescription: This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare metals extraction processing techniques used in metal production.Direct and indirect use of solar energy in high-temperature processing.Biofuels and other non-fossil reagents for metallurgical applications.Use of hydrogen and other alternative non-carbonaceous reducing agents.High-temperature electrolytic routes for metal and alloy production.Electrolysis and electrification of metallurgical processes.

In particular, the following processes are investigated:

This collection explores innovative and diverse strategies for the enablement of low carbon industries in the high-temperature metals and materials processing fields.

Long-term manufacturing plans using pyrometallurgical processes all include decarbonization levers: we must solve the problem of fossil-based reduction and fossil-based power generation processes for metals production. Description: Carbon intensive industries are at a crossroads.

Advance steel 2021